Exceptions

tif1 uses a structured exception hierarchy to help you handle errors gracefully. All exceptions inherit from TIF1Error and include contextual information.

Exception Hierarchy

TIF1Error (base)
├── DataNotFoundError
│   ├── DriverNotFoundError
│   └── LapNotFoundError
├── NetworkError
├── InvalidDataError
├── CacheError
└── SessionNotLoadedError

Base Exception

`TIF1Error`

Base exception for all tif1 errors. All exceptions accept **context kwargs for structured error information.

class TIF1Error(Exception):
    def __init__(self, message: str, **context: Any) -> None

Attributes:

message: Error message string
context: Dictionary of contextual information

Example:

try:
    session = tif1.get_session(2025, "Invalid GP", "Race")
except tif1.TIF1Error as e:
    print(f"Error: {e.message}")
    print(f"Context: {e.context}")

Data Errors

`DataNotFoundError`

Raised when requested data is not available in the CDN.

class DataNotFoundError(TIF1Error):
    def __init__(
        self,
        year: int | None = None,
        event: str | None = None,
        session: str | None = None,
        **context: Any
    ) -> None

Context:

year: The requested year
event: The requested event name
session: The requested session name

Example:

try:
    session = tif1.get_session(2030, "Future GP", "Race")
except tif1.DataNotFoundError as e:
    print(f"Data not found: {e.context}")
    # {'year': 2030, 'event': 'Future GP', 'session': 'Race'}

`DriverNotFoundError`

Raised when a driver code is not found in the session.

class DriverNotFoundError(DataNotFoundError):
    def __init__(self, driver: str, **context: Any) -> None

Context:

driver: The requested driver code

Example:

try:
    driver = session.get_driver("XXX")
except tif1.DriverNotFoundError as e:
    print(f"Driver '{e.context['driver']}' not found")
    print(f"Available: {session.drivers}")
``` ### `LapNotFoundError`

Raised when a lap number is not found for a driver.

```python
class LapNotFoundError(DataNotFoundError):
    def __init__(
        self,
        lap_number: int | None = None,
        driver: str | None = None,
        **context: Any
    ) -> None

Context:

lap_number: The requested lap number
driver: The driver code

Example:

try:
    lap = driver.get_lap(999)
except tif1.LapNotFoundError as e:
    print(f"Lap {e.context['lap_number']} not found for {e.context['driver']}")

Network Errors

`NetworkError`

Raised when network requests fail after all retries and CDN fallbacks are exhausted.

class NetworkError(TIF1Error):
    def __init__(
        self,
        url: str | None = None,
        status_code: int | None = None,
        **context: Any
    ) -> None

Context:

url: The URL that failed
status_code: HTTP status code (if available)

Example:

try:
    session = tif1.get_session(2021, "Belgian Grand Prix", "Race")
    laps = session.laps
except tif1.NetworkError as e:
    print(f"Network error: {e.message}")
    print(f"URL: {e.context.get('url')}")
    print(f"Status: {e.context.get('status_code')}")

Data validation errors

`InvalidDataError`

Raised when fetched data is invalid, corrupted, or fails validation.

class InvalidDataError(TIF1Error):
    def __init__(self, reason: str | None = None, **context: Any) -> None

Context:

reason: Description of why the data is invalid

Example:

try:
    session = tif1.get_session(2021, "Belgian Grand Prix", "Race")
    laps = session.laps
except tif1.InvalidDataError as e:
    print(f"Invalid data: {e.context.get('reason')}")

Cache Errors

`CacheError`

Raised when cache operations fail (e.g., SQLite errors, disk full).

class CacheError(TIF1Error)

Example:

try:
    cache = tif1.get_cache()
    cache.clear()
except tif1.CacheError as e:
    print(f"Cache error: {e.message}")
``` ---

## Session state errors

### `SessionNotLoadedError`

Raised when accessing session data before it has been loaded.

```python
class SessionNotLoadedError(TIF1Error):
    def __init__(self, attribute: str | None = None) -> None

Context:

attribute: The attribute that was accessed

Example:

try:
    session = tif1.get_session(2021, "Belgian Grand Prix", "Race")
    # Accessing data without loading first (if lazy loading is disabled)
    drivers = session._drivers  # Internal attribute
except tif1.SessionNotLoadedError as e:
    print(f"Session not loaded. Call session.load() first.")

Error handling patterns

Basic Try-Catch

import tif1

try:
    session = tif1.get_session(2021, "Belgian Grand Prix", "Race")
    laps = session.laps
    fastest = session.get_fastest_laps()
except tif1.DataNotFoundError as e:
    print(f"Data not found: {e.message}")
except tif1.NetworkError as e:
    print(f"Network error: {e.message}")
except tif1.TIF1Error as e:
    print(f"General error: {e.message}")

Specific error handling

import tif1

session = tif1.get_session(2021, "Belgian Grand Prix", "Race")

# Handle driver not found
try:
    driver = session.get_driver("XXX")
except tif1.DriverNotFoundError:
    print(f"Driver not found. Available: {session.drivers}")
    driver = session.get_driver(session.drivers[0])

# Handle lap not found
try:
    lap = driver.get_lap(999)
except tif1.LapNotFoundError:
    print("Lap not found. Using fastest lap instead.")
    lap_df = driver.get_fastest_lap()

Retry with Fallback

import tif1
import time

def load_session_with_retry(year, gp, session_name, max_retries=3):
    for attempt in range(max_retries):
        try:
            session = tif1.get_session(year, gp, session_name)
            laps = session.laps
            return session
        except tif1.NetworkError as e:
            if attempt < max_retries - 1:
                print(f"Network error, retrying... ({attempt + 1}/{max_retries})")
                time.sleep(2 ** attempt)  # Exponential backoff
            else:
                print("Max retries exceeded")
                raise
        except tif1.DataNotFoundError:
            print("Data not found, cannot retry")
            raise

session = load_session_with_retry(2021, "Belgian Grand Prix", "Race")

Context-aware error handling

import tif1

try:
    session = tif1.get_session(2021, "Belgian Grand Prix", "Race")
    driver = session.get_driver("VER")
    lap = driver.get_lap(1)
    tel = lap.telemetry
except tif1.TIF1Error as e:
    # Access structured context
    print(f"Error: {e.message}")

    if 'year' in e.context:
        print(f"Year: {e.context['year']}")
    if 'driver' in e.context:
        print(f"Driver: {e.context['driver']}")
    if 'lap_number' in e.context:
        print(f"Lap: {e.context['lap_number']}")

    # Log full context for debugging
    print(f"Full context: {e.context}")

Graceful Degradation

import tif1

session = tif1.get_session(2021, "Belgian Grand Prix", "Race")

# Try to get telemetry, fall back to lap data only
drivers_data = {}

for driver_code in session.drivers:
    try:
        driver = session.get_driver(driver_code)
        fastest_tel = driver.get_fastest_lap_tel()
        drivers_data[driver_code] = {
            'has_telemetry': True,
            'telemetry': fastest_tel
        }
    except tif1.TIF1Error as e:
        # Fall back to lap data only
        fastest_lap = driver.get_fastest_lap()
        drivers_data[driver_code] = {
            'has_telemetry': False,
            'lap_data': fastest_lap
        }
        print(f"Warning: No telemetry for {driver_code}: {e.message}")

Best Practices

Catch specific exceptions first: Handle DriverNotFoundError before DataNotFoundError, and DataNotFoundError before TIF1Error.
Use context information: All exceptions include structured context via the context attribute.
Don’t swallow errors silently: Always log or handle errors appropriately.
Implement retries for network errors: Network errors are often transient.
Validate user input early: Check driver codes and lap numbers before making expensive API calls.
Use try-finally for cleanup: Ensure resources are cleaned up even if errors occur.

cache = tif1.get_cache()
try:
    # ... operations ...
    pass
finally:
    cache.close()
``` 7. **Log context for debugging**: The `context` dict contains valuable debugging information.

```python
import logging

try:
    session = tif1.get_session(2021, "Belgian Grand Prix", "Race")
except tif1.TIF1Error as e:
    logging.error(f"Error: {e.message}", extra=e.context)

Getting Started

Core API

Data Pipeline

Configuration & Cache

Visualization & Tools

Utilities & Helpers

Compatibility & Errors

Exception Hierarchy

Base Exception

`TIF1Error`

Data Errors

`DataNotFoundError`

`DriverNotFoundError`

Network Errors

`NetworkError`

Data validation errors

`InvalidDataError`

Cache Errors

`CacheError`

Error handling patterns

Basic Try-Catch

Specific error handling

Retry with Fallback

Context-aware error handling

Graceful Degradation

Best Practices

Getting Started

Core API

Data Pipeline

Configuration & Cache

Visualization & Tools

Utilities & Helpers

Compatibility & Errors

​Exception Hierarchy

​Base Exception

​TIF1Error

​Data Errors

​DataNotFoundError

​DriverNotFoundError

​Network Errors

​NetworkError

​Data validation errors

​InvalidDataError

​Cache Errors

​CacheError

​Error handling patterns

​Basic Try-Catch

​Specific error handling

​Retry with Fallback

​Context-aware error handling

​Graceful Degradation

​Best Practices

Exception Hierarchy

Base Exception

`TIF1Error`

Data Errors

`DataNotFoundError`

`DriverNotFoundError`

Network Errors

`NetworkError`

Data validation errors

`InvalidDataError`

Cache Errors

`CacheError`

Error handling patterns

Basic Try-Catch

Specific error handling

Retry with Fallback

Context-aware error handling

Graceful Degradation

Best Practices